Overview: At NIHS Clinic, we provide state-of-the-art Colonoscopy Services as part of our commitment to early detection and treatment of colorectal conditions. A colonoscopy is a key diagnostic procedure that allows for a thorough examination of the entire colon (large intestine) and rectum, helping to identify, diagnose, and often treat various gastrointestinal issues, including cancer.

What is a Colonoscopy? A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) to visually inspect the inner lining of the colon and rectum. The colonoscope is gently inserted through the rectum and guided through the colon, providing real-time images that allow the doctor to detect abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, inflamed tissue, and ulcers.

Why is a Colonoscopy Performed? Colonoscopy is a critical tool in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of colorectal conditions. It is commonly performed for the following reasons:

1. Colorectal Cancer Screening:

   • Purpose: Detects precancerous polyps and early-stage colorectal cancer, which is highly treatable when caught early.

   • Who Needs It: Recommended for individuals aged 50 and older, or earlier for those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors.

2. Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms:

   • Purpose: Investigates symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss.

   • Who Needs It: Individuals experiencing persistent or unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.

3. Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):

   • Purpose: Assesses and monitors conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause inflammation and ulceration in the colon.

   • Who Needs It: Patients with known IBD or those suspected of having the condition.

4. Polyp Removal:

   • Purpose: Detects and removes polyps during the procedure, which are growths that could potentially develop into cancer.

   • Who Needs It: Anyone found to have polyps during the colonoscopy; removing them reduces the risk of colorectal cancer.

5. Assessment of Anemia or Blood Loss:

   • Purpose: Investigates the source of unexplained iron deficiency anemia or chronic blood loss, which may indicate bleeding within the colon.

   • Who Needs It: Patients with unexplained anemia or positive fecal occult blood tests (indicating hidden blood in the stool).

Preparation for Colonoscopy:

• Dietary Restrictions:

  • Clear Liquid Diet: 24 hours before the procedure, patients are typically required to follow a clear liquid diet, including water, broth, clear juices, and gelatin. Avoid solid foods, red or purple liquids, and dairy products.

  • Bowel Preparation: Patients must take a prescribed laxative solution to cleanse the colon. This preparation is crucial for obtaining clear images during the procedure. The process usually involves drinking the solution the evening before and possibly the morning of the procedure.

• Medication Adjustments:

  • Blood Thinners: Patients may need to temporarily stop taking blood thinners or certain medications that could increase the risk of bleeding during the procedure. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen.

Procedure Details:

• Sedation:

  • Comfort: Colonoscopy is typically performed under conscious sedation or general anesthesia, ensuring that patients remain comfortable and relaxed during the procedure.

• Examination Process:

  • Insertion: The colonoscope is carefully inserted through the rectum and advanced slowly through the colon. The doctor examines the lining of the colon, looking for abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, and inflamed tissue.

  • Tissue Sampling: If any suspicious areas are found, the doctor may take biopsies (small tissue samples) for further analysis. Polyps can often be removed during the procedure using specialized tools attached to the colonoscope.

  • Air or Carbon Dioxide Insufflation: The colon is gently inflated with air or carbon dioxide to improve visibility. Patients may feel slight bloating or pressure, but this is usually brief and mild.

• Duration: The entire procedure typically takes between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the complexity of the examination and whether any polyps are removed or biopsies are taken.

Safety and Risks:

• Safety: Colonoscopy is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications when performed by experienced gastroenterologists.

• Risks: Though rare, potential risks include:

  • Bleeding: Particularly if a biopsy is taken or a polyp is removed.

  • Perforation: A small tear in the colon wall may occur, requiring surgical repair.

  • Infection: Minimal risk of infection, managed with sterile techniques.

  • Adverse Reactions to Sedation: Some patients may experience nausea, dizziness, or other reactions to the sedatives used.

Post-Procedure:

• Recovery: Patients are monitored until the effects of sedation wear off, usually within an hour. It’s important to have someone accompany you home, as the sedation can impair your ability to drive or operate machinery.

• Results: Immediate results are available, especially if polyps are found or removed. Biopsy results typically take a few days.

• Follow-Up: Your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you and recommend further tests, treatments, or lifestyle changes if necessary. Regular follow-up colonoscopies may be recommended, especially if polyps were found or if you have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

Benefits:

• Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, which is one of the most common and preventable cancers.

• Early Diagnosis of GI Conditions: Provides a clear view of the colon, allowing for the early detection and management of various gastrointestinal diseases.

• Minimally Invasive: Compared to surgery, colonoscopy is less invasive, involves shorter recovery times, and can often treat issues (like polyps) during the procedure.

For thorough and accurate screening and diagnosis of colorectal conditions, trust the Colonoscopy Services at NIHS Clinic. Our team of skilled gastroenterologists uses the latest technology to ensure patient safety, comfort, and optimal outcomes. Contact us today to schedule your colonoscopy or to learn more about our services.